100+WORDS

8/22 IB Film


 * Cinematography (Shots)**

•**Wide Shot** >>> Example: //John Adams//, >
 * Shows the setting (land)
 * Shows action of the scene
 * **Rule of Thirds**: divide box up to thirds, place important figures on the axes
 * **The American Shot:** between a medium shot and a wide shot
 * gives the characters space while not making them feel lonely
 * gives **body language** and **facial features**
 * if wide shot: can't see characters' faces
 * if medium shot: no body language
 * Example: //La Dolce Vita//, Federico Fellini (1960)
 * **Medium Shot:** a shot that is taken from a middle distance, showing the faces and some of the upper body but not too close.
 * shows which character is in power
 * shown by camera angle and placement in frame
 * body language
 * connection between two different people
 * Example: //A Beautiful Mind//, Ron Howard (2001)
 * Example: //Pan's Labyrinth//, Guillermo del Toro (2006)
 * **Close up shots:** gives the character's emotions or the object's importance.
 * Example: //Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain//, Jean-Pierre Jeunet (2001)
 * Film is about how she reacts to things in the world
 * Example: //Strangers on a Train//, Alfred Hitchcock (1951)
 * **Bird's Eye View**: helps give a view of the scene from a high angle (from top)
 * shows height of the tension/raises the stakes
 * shows who is in power
 * Example: //Do the Right Thing//, Spike Lee (1989)
 * Example: //The Empire Strikes Back//, Irving Kirshner (1980)
 * shows how luke is small and unimportant
 * shows the depth of the chute under luke
 * shows darth vader in power
 * **Worm's Eye View:** opposite of the Bird's Eye View, gives a view of the scene from an underside angle
 * shows power
 * lighting
 * Example: //Blade Runner//, Ridley Scott (1983)
 * Hard lighting
 * Shows the power of the villain
 * facial features and arm are emphasized
 * Example: //The Life Aquatic With Steve Zissou//, Wes Anderson (2004)
 * Example: //Citizen Kane//, Orson Wells (1941)
 * **Canted Shot (Dutch Angle)**: used mainly in horror films
 * camera view is tilted to make the scene seem tilted and off balance
 * Used mostly in Horror films.
 * Angle and Lighting on shots: modifies the tone and atmosphere
 * **Camera Height:** It's usually very high up above the actor.
 * Example: //Blade Runner// (1983)


 * FRAMING** - how elements are organized within the frame/shot
 * Rule of thirds
 * Basic headshot - put important subject in any of the four crosshairs of the lines
 * Using different camera positions and movement to express tone of scene

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 * EDITING**
 * **Affinity:** The similarity in two shots.
 * **30/30 Rule:** A shot that follows another shot should have a difference of no less than 30 degrees.
 * **Moving Camera:** Should transition to another moving shot.
 * **Still Shot:** Better to start still and then move the camera.
 * Rules are meant to be broken. There isn't just one right way to edit.


 * Lighting**


 * Direction**


 * Frontal Lighting:** Creates a really flat image.
 * Backlight:** Creates a silhouette - can make something look holy or divine or evil.
 * Halloween Light:** Creates obscured shadows, different locations of shadows.
 * Side Light:** Creates a 3D feel for subjects
 * Top Light:** Rare - not flattering.


 * 3 Point Lighting:**

Key Light


 * High Ratio Bright illumination= High Contrast high ratio fill light Still Equals High ratio.
 * Ratio=difference lowers. ** HIGH KEY = LOW CONTRAST ** **.** . High Key is used for funny movies. Low fill=Low Key. Low key is for dark movies that have crime.
 * Quality of light
 * Hard light picks up detail. It creates high contrast look, great for scary movies.
 * Soft light is **diffused** which means it breaks up the direction of the light.
 * Back light is behind the person.
 * Edge light is a common method making the person stand out from the background.
 * Frontal lighting is getting rid of the shadows from the other lights.
 * Under lighting or Halloween lighting makes the person look scary.

ects by using light. We use light to create **mood,** by using **color** : __Warm__ light and __cool__ light (Tungsten light vs. Day light).
 * We use light to create **contrast** and/or **separation** . We can create different eff


 * **Familiar Image** : A shot that's very similar to a previous shot.
 * A **lighting ratio** : The comparison between **key lights** (the main source of light) and the **fill lights** (Light that fills in the shadow).
 * **Low-key** lighting: Associated with horror movies, intense movies.
 * **High Key Lighting:** NEED A DEFINITION
 * **Hard-Light** picks up every hard detail (Like every shadow or illumination)- it's edgy, and tough-looking.
 * **Soft Light** - Diffused Light which blurs
 * **Light Direction -** Back, Edge, Front
 * **Under-Lighting** : Distorts features, making a character look scarier or more threatening.




 * **Ratio of Lights (Relationship between Shadows)**
 * Less Fill Light - High Ratio, Some detail (Low Key) - Horror, Action, Drama, Intense
 * More and More fill light - Decrease Ratio (High Key) - Comedy, Less action
 * **Hard Light -** Direct light which outlines hard detail
 * **Soft Light -** Diffused Light which blurs
 * **Light Direction -** Back, Edge, Front, Underneath (Halloween, distortion)

PRACTICAL- A light that you can see on stage.

Light is used to create a sense of contrast. Contast and separation are interesting to look at. Warm and cool lights. Cool lights cn create a dark and cold feelings for film. Warm lights can bring out the character, giving the scene a mood. Light and color give the scenes moods. There is hard light and soft light. Familiar image refers to previous scenes to give moods. Lighting ratio is relationship between illumination and shadow.

Key light Fill light Hard light Defusing light Back light Edge Light Frontal light Under light (Halloween light)